INFLUENCE OF THERMAL-TIME TREATMENT AND ELASTIC VIBRATIONS ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF METAL ALLOYS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/plit2026.02.018Keywords:
metallic alloys, organic media, impurities, superheating, undercooling, crystal nucleation, crystallization, elastic vibrationsAbstract
The paper is devoted to the study of crystallization processes and structure formation in metallic alloys, including under external thermomechanical action in the liquid state and during solidification. As the main approach, physical modeling methods were employed in these investigations. Low-melting (melting point t ≤ 100 °C) Wood’s and Rose’s alloys and transparent organic media such as salol, camphene, and diphenylamine were used as objects of study. Various physical modeling techniques (microvolume method, flat and bulk specimen methods, etc.) were applied in the experiments to evaluate scale effects in the test samples. The studies carried out have disproved the surface and bulk crystallization theories reported in the literature, which relate the undercooling of liquid metal prior to crystallization to its superheating and to the mechanism of the influence of elastic vibrations on nucleation in metal melts. It has been shown that the effect of metal superheating temperature during melting on the degree of undercooling before crystallization is governed by the dependence of the concentration of sparingly soluble impurities present in the melt on temperature. It has been established that the mechanism of the influence of elastic vibrations on nucleation in metal melts consists in increasing the nucleation rate of crystals through the formation of growth steps (dislocations) on the surfaces of adsorbed nuclei due to their cavitation erosion and mechanical friction with each other and with the walls of the casting molds. The mechanism of the influence of vibration on the formation of crystalline structures of cast metal billets has been determined. It is based on the appearance of the following additional effects in their crystallization processes: partial destruction of columnar crystals on the heat-extracting surfaces and redistribution of their fragments throughout the melt volume as a result of vibrational mixing; an increase in the nucleation rate of crystals in metal melts; and the provision of continuously intensive heat extraction from the solidifying melt due to a reduction in the thickness of the thermal barrier on the mold walls caused by the destruction of columnar crystals on these surfaces.
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